Carbon-free sustainable energy technology : direct ammonia fuel cells

Guo, Y; Pan, Z; An, L

Title:	Carbon-free sustainable energy technology : direct ammonia fuel cells
Authors:	Guo, Y Pan, Z An, L
Issue Date:	Nov-2020
Source:	Journal of power sources, 15 Nov. 2020, v. 476, 228454
Abstract:	Ammonia, an indirect hydrogen storage media containing a high content of hydrogen (17.8 wt. %), could be an ideal carbon-free fuel for fuel cells. The DAFCs employed alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEMs), referring to the low temperature AEM-DAFCs, not only have merits of the high energy efficiency, but are compatible with non-precious catalysts without ammonia decomposition process, which means a lower cost compared to proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Unlike high-performance of direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (high temperature SO-DAFCs), the low catalytic activity of the electro-catalysts and the difficulty of ammonia oxidation at low temperatures lead to far worse performance of low temperature AEM-DAFCs. Therefore, this article is trying to offer some incentives and indicate a direction for the future development of DAFCs. First, this review emphasizes previous development tracks and current progress on low temperature AEM-DAFCs and high temperature SO-DAFCs. For the low temperature AEM-DAFCs, the current progress of platinum-based and non-platinum-based electro-catalysts, high conductivity membranes, the low catalytic activity and membrane degradation issues will be summarized. The performance comparison of high temperature SO-DAFCs with various electrode and electrolyte materials and long-term stability issues will be discussed in the later section.
Keywords:	Ammonia oxidation reaction Anion exchange membrane Direct ammonia fuel cells Electro-catalysts Solid oxide
Publisher:	Elsevier
Journal:	Journal of power sources
ISSN:	0378-7753
EISSN:	1873-2755
DOI:	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228454
Appears in Collections:	Journal/Magazine Article

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